Galvanic Cell — Electrode Potentials & EMF

Two metal electrodes in their salt solutions, joined by a wire and a salt bridge. Students choose the metal for each half-cell from an activity series; the sim identifies the anode (lower standard potential, oxidation) and cathode automatically, animates electrons flowing anode → cathode through the wire and ions migrating through the salt bridge to keep each half neutral, and reports EMF = E°cathode − E°anode with the balanced half- and overall reactions and the cell notation. Swapping the beakers shows the anode/cathode roles follow the metal, not the position; picking metals far apart in the series (Mg & Ag) versus close (Fe & Ni) makes the potential gap tangible.